Quantum-Enhanced Processing with Tensor-Network Frontends for Privacy-Aware Federated Medical Diagnosis

Quantum Physics [Submitted on 2 Apr 2026] Quantum-Enhanced Processing with Tensor-Network Frontends for Privacy-Aware Federated Medical Diagnosis Hiroshi Yamauchi, Anders Peter Kragh Dalskov, Hideaki Kawaguchi, Rodney Van Meter We propose a privacy-aware hybrid framework for federated medical image classification that combines tensor-network representation learning, MPC-secured aggregation, and post-aggregation quantum refinement. The framework is motivated by two practical constraints in privacy-aware federated learning: MPC can introduce substantial communication overhead, and direct quantum processing of high-dimensional medical images is unrealistic with a small number of qubits. To address both constraints within a single architecture, client-side tensor-network frontends, Matrix Product State (MPS), Tree Tensor Network (TTN), and Multi-scale Entanglement Renormalization Ansatz (MERA), compress local inputs into compact latent representations, after which a Quantum-Enhanced Processor (QEP) refines the aggregated latent feature through quantum-state embedding and observable-based readout. Experiments on PneumoniaMNIST show that the effect of the QEP is frontend-dependent rather than uniform across architectures. In the present setting, the TTN+QEP combination exhibits the most balanced overall profile. The results also suggest that the QEP behaves more stably when the qubit count is sufficiently matched to the latent dimension, while noisy conditions degrade performance relative to the noiseless setting. The MPC benchmark further shows that communication cost is governed primarily by the dimension of the protected latent representation. This indicates that tensor-network compression plays a dual role: it enables small-qubit quantum processing on compressed latent features and reduces the communication overhead associated with secure aggregation. Taken together, these results support a co-design perspective in which representation compression, post-aggregation quantum refinement, and privacy-aware deployment should be optimized jointly. Comments: Submitted to the IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering 2026 Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2604.01616 [quant-ph]   (or arXiv:2604.01616v1 [quant-ph] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.01616 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Hiroshi Yamauchi [view email] [v1] Thu, 2 Apr 2026 04:52:31 UTC (961 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: quant-ph < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-04 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)