Resource Estimation via Efficient Compilation of Key Quantum Primitives

Quantum Physics [Submitted on 1 Apr 2026] Resource Estimation via Efficient Compilation of Key Quantum Primitives Colin Campbell, Rich Rines, Victory Omole, Tina Oberoi, Palash Goiporia, Rayat Roy, R. Peyton Cline, Eric B. Jones, Teague Tomesh Resource estimation is a significant challenge in evaluating fault tolerant quantum computers. Existing approaches often rely on either fixed architectural assumptions or coarse analytical models that fail to capture the interaction between hardware constraints and circuit compilation. This challenge is particularly acute for neutral atom quantum computers, where architectural features such as atom movement, measurement zones, and multi-species arrays introduce a broad design space for implementing fault tolerant computation. Addressing the need for a tighter feedback loop between hardware design and practical application development, we present a compilation-driven framework for quantum resource estimation that translates arbitrary quantum circuits into logical primitive operations with known physical resource costs. This framework allows for easily configurable hardware assumptions that enable rapid comparison of different architectural design choices. We apply our approach to two early fault tolerant quantum simulation and optimization workloads, assuming the use of the surface code, revealing several architectural trends. While the production of magic states continues to be the dominant source of overhead for these benchmarks, access to movement can save time on cultivation and important transversal gates. As problem size grows, routing and qubit movement become dominant bottlenecks, highlighting the need for movement-aware compiler optimizations and frugal routing strategies. Finally, our results suggest that neutral atom architectures combining dual-species arrays with controlled qubit movement offer a promising path toward near-term advantage on fault tolerant devices. Comments: 27 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2604.01376 [quant-ph]   (or arXiv:2604.01376v1 [quant-ph] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.01376 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Colin Campbell [view email] [v1] Wed, 1 Apr 2026 20:36:21 UTC (4,463 KB) Access Paper: view license Current browse context: quant-ph < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-04 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)