Assertain: Automated Security Assertion Generation Using Large Language Models

Computer Science > Cryptography and Security [Submitted on 2 Apr 2026] Assertain: Automated Security Assertion Generation Using Large Language Models Shams Tarek, Dipayan Saha, Khan Thamid Hasan, Sujan Kumar Saha, Mark Tehranipoor, Farimah Farahmandi The increasing complexity of modern system-on-chip designs amplifies hardware security risks and makes manual security property specification a major bottleneck in formal property verification. This paper presents Assertain, an automated framework that integrates RTL design analysis, Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) mapping, and threat model intelligence to automatically generate security properties and executable SystemVerilog Assertions. Assertain leverages large language models with a self-reflection refinement mechanism to ensure both syntactic correctness and semantic consistency. Evaluated on 11 representative hardware designs, Assertain outperforms GPT-5 by 61.22%, 59.49%, and 67.92% in correct assertion generation, unique CWE coverage, and architectural flaw detection, respectively. These results demonstrate that Assertain significantly expands vulnerability coverage, improves assertion quality, and reduces manual effort in hardware security verification. Comments: This paper will be presented at the 35th Microelectronics Design and Test Symposium (IEEE MDTS 2026) Subjects: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) Cite as: arXiv:2604.01583 [cs.CR]   (or arXiv:2604.01583v1 [cs.CR] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.01583 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Khan Thamid Hasan [view email] [v1] Thu, 2 Apr 2026 03:51:35 UTC (63 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: cs.CR < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)