PAEMS: Precise and Adaptive Error Model for Superconducting Quantum Processors

Quantum Physics [Submitted on 31 Mar 2026] PAEMS: Precise and Adaptive Error Model for Superconducting Quantum Processors Songhuan He, Yifei Cui, Cheng Wang Superconducting quantum processor units (QPUs) are incapable of producing massive datasets for quantum error correction (QEC) because of hardware limitations. Thus, QEC decoders heavily depend on synthetic data from qubit error models. Classic depolarizing error models with polynomial complexity present limited accuracy. Coherent density matrix methods suffer from exponential complexity \propto O(4^n) where n represents the number of qubits. This paper introduces PAEMS: a precise and adaptive qubit error model. Its qubit-wise separation framework, incorporating leakage propagation, captures error evolvements crossing spatial and temporal domains. Utilizing repetition-code experiment datasets, PAEMS effectively identifies the intrinsic qubit errors through an end-to-end optimization pipeline. Experiments on IBM's QPUs have demonstrated a 19.5\times, 9.3\times, and 5.2\times reduction in timelike, spacelike, and spacetime error correlation, respectively, surpassing all of the previous works. It also outperforms the accuracy of Google's SI1000 error model by 58\sim73\% on multiple quantum platforms, including IBM's Brisbane, Sherbrooke, and Torino, as well as China Mobile's Wuyue and QuantumCTek's Tianyan. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2603.29439 [quant-ph]   (or arXiv:2603.29439v1 [quant-ph] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.29439 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Songhuan He [view email] [v1] Tue, 31 Mar 2026 08:46:18 UTC (1,989 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: quant-ph < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-03 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)