Multipartite controlled-NOT gates using molecules and Rydberg atoms

Quantum Physics [Submitted on 31 Mar 2026] Multipartite controlled-NOT gates using molecules and Rydberg atoms Yi-Han Bai, Yue Wei, Chi Zhang, Weibin Li, Xiao-Qiang Shao We propose high-fidelity controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates in a hybrid system of polar molecules and Rydberg atoms based on the unconventional Rydberg pumping mechanism. By combining the rich internal structure of polar molecules with the strong dipole-dipole interactions of Rydberg atoms, we realize both two-to-one and one-to-two gate configurations. Numerical simulations show that the gate performance is robust against spontaneous emission from Rydberg states. The approach naturally extends to larger systems, as demonstrated by four-qubit implementations achieving three-to-one and one-to-three CNOT gates with fidelities exceeding 99\%. These results highlight hybrid molecule-Rydberg atom architectures as a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing. Comments: 13 pages, 9 figures, comments are welcome Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2603.29349 [quant-ph]   (or arXiv:2603.29349v1 [quant-ph] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.29349 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Xiao-Qiang Shao [view email] [v1] Tue, 31 Mar 2026 07:22:45 UTC (13,144 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: quant-ph < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-03 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)