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Vitalik Buterin unveils Ethereum roadmap to counter quantum computing threat
This move comes shortly after the Ethereum Foundation established a dedicated post-quantum research team to study the issue.
By Margaux Nijkerk|Edited by Nikhilesh De
Feb 26, 2026, 1:14 p.m.
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What to know:
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin outlined a roadmap to protect the blockchain from the long-term risks posed by quantum computers.
Although practical quantum computers capable of breaking modern cryptography do not yet exist, they could one day crack the digital signatures and cryptographic systems that secure Ethereum.
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin outlined a roadmap on Thursday to protect the blockchain from the long-term risks posed by quantum computers — a move that comes shortly after the Ethereum Foundation established a dedicated post-quantum research team to study the issue.
Although practical quantum computers capable of breaking modern cryptography do not yet exist, they could one day crack the digital signatures and cryptographic systems that secure Ethereum.
In a post on X, Buterin identified four key areas of vulnerability: validator signatures used in consensus, Ethereum’s data availability system, everyday wallet signatures, and certain zero-knowledge proofs used by applications and layer-2 networks.
A big part of the plan involves changing how Ethereum’s validators sign and confirm blocks. Right now, they use a type of digital signature called BLS. In a world with powerful quantum computers, those signatures could eventually be broken. Buterin suggests switching to “hash-based” signatures, which are considered much safer against quantum attacks.
Another area that would need updating is how Ethereum checks and stores large batches of transaction data. The system it uses today relies on a cryptographic tool called KZG commitments. Replacing that with a quantum-safe alternative is possible, Buterin said, but it would require significant behind-the-scenes engineering work and could make some parts of the system more complicated.
For everyday users, the proposed fix revolves around a planned upgrade called EIP-8141. In simple terms, this upgrade would make Ethereum wallets more flexible. Today, most wallets rely on one standard type of digital signature to approve transactions. EIP-8141 would allow accounts to switch to different types of signatures in the future — including ones designed to be safe against quantum computers.
There’s a similar issue with zero-knowledge proofs, a type of advanced cryptography used by privacy tools and many layer-2 scaling networks. Quantum-safe versions of these proofs are currently far more expensive to verify on Ethereum.
Buterin pointed to a longer-term solution built into EIP-8141 known as “validation frames.” These would allow the network to bundle together many signatures and proofs and replace them with a single combined proof. Instead of checking each one individually on the blockchain, Ethereum would only need to verify one compressed proof, helping keep costs down.
Read more: Quantum threat gets real: Ethereum Foundation prioritizes security with leanVM and PQ signatures
Vitalik Buterin
Ethereum News
Quantum Computing
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Ethereum Foundation’s new mandate sparks debate about its role, priorities
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The document quickly sparked debate across the Ethereum community, with supporters saying it reinforces the network’s core principles. Critics, however, argue the mandate signals the foundation intends to take a backseat just as institutional interest in blockchain is accelerating.
What to know:
The Ethereum Foundation released a new 38-page mandate outlining its role as a neutral steward focused on maintaining Ethereum’s decentralized infrastructure and supporting public goods rather than directing the ecosystem.
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