A single programmable photonic circuit for universal quantum measurements

Quantum Physics [Submitted on 20 Mar 2026] A single programmable photonic circuit for universal quantum measurements Wen-Zhe Yan, Lan-Tian Feng, Zhibo Hou, Yuan-Yuan Zhao, Carles Roch i Carceller, Armin Tavakoli, Huangjun Zhu, Guang-Can Guo, Xi-Feng Ren, Guo-Yong Xiang Programmable photonic quantum processors face a critical challenge: despite significant advances in quantum state preparation and manipulation, measurements remain limited to projective techniques. Here, we demonstrate a programmable measurement processor that overcomes this limitation by enabling arbitrary quantum measurements within a scalable circuit framework. Our large-scale integrated photonic architecture achieves precise coherent control of ancillary quantum systems, realizing a universal four-dimensional quantum measurement device. We benchmark the processor by performing measurement tomography on 100 randomly selected measurements, achieving an average fidelity of 97.7%. The processor's performance exceeds the theoretical limits of projective measurements in three key quantum information tasks: state discrimination (with 23 times lower error), state estimation (with 10.6% higher fidelity), and randomness generation (with 37% more randomness yield), demonstrating its high operational quality. This work establishes a fully programmable quantum measurement processor, advancing the development of universal quantum operations for photonic quantum information processing by providing the key missing component. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2603.20085 [quant-ph]   (or arXiv:2603.20085v1 [quant-ph] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.20085 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Zhibo Hou [view email] [v1] Fri, 20 Mar 2026 16:07:13 UTC (9,593 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: quant-ph < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-03 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)