Beyond-Ten-Hour Coherence in a Decoherence-Free Trapped-Ion Clock Qubit

Quantum Physics [Submitted on 20 Mar 2026] Beyond-Ten-Hour Coherence in a Decoherence-Free Trapped-Ion Clock Qubit Jiahao Pi, Xiangjia Liu, Junle Cao, Pengfei Wang, Lingfeng Ou, Erfu Gao, Hengchao Tu, Menglin Zou, Xiang Zhang, Junhua Zhang, Kihwan Kim Quantum systems promise to revolutionize information processing science and technology [1-3]. The preservation of quantum coherence, the defining property of qubits, fundamentally constrains the performance of quantum information processing with quantum memories [4]. While trapped atomic ions theoretically support million-year coherence based on spontaneous emission [5-7], experimental demonstrations have reached far less, only about an hour [8-13]. Here we combine clock-state qubits with decoherence-free subspace (DFS) encoding to achieve coherence exceeding ten hours. Using correlation-based phase tracking in 171Yb+ ion pairs sympathetically cooled by 138Ba+ ion, we demonstrate this without magnetic shielding or enhanced microwave phase stabilization that previously limited coherence times. DFS encoding references the qubit phase to the inter-ion energy difference to reject microwave phase noise and common-mode magnetic fluctuations, while clock states provide environmental insensitivity. Throughout measurements extended to 1600 seconds, we observe minimal coherence decay, with exponential fits yielding a coherence time of (3.77 +/- 1.09) x 10^4 seconds. Our results establish DFS encoding as a form of passive error correction that eliminates technical noise constraints, unlocking the million-year coherence potential of atomic ions for scalable quantum information processing. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2603.19631 [quant-ph]   (or arXiv:2603.19631v1 [quant-ph] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.19631 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Jiahao Pi [view email] [v1] Fri, 20 Mar 2026 04:30:22 UTC (424 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: quant-ph < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-03 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)