A Systematic Literature Review on the NIS2 Directive

Computer Science > Cryptography and Security [Submitted on 11 Dec 2024 (v1), last revised 22 Jun 2026 (this version, v2)] A Systematic Literature Review on the NIS2 Directive Jukka Ruohonen The second network and information security (NIS2) directive was enacted in the European Union (EU) in late 2022. It deals particularly with European critical infrastructures, enlarging their scope substantially from an older directive that only considered the energy and transport sectors as critical. The directive's focus is on cyber security of critical infrastructures, although together with other new EU laws it expands to other security domains as well. Given the importance of the directive and most of all the importance of critical infrastructures, the paper presents a systematic literature review on academic research addressing the NIS2 directive either explicitly or implicitly. According to the review, existing research has often framed and discussed the directive with the EU's other cyber security laws. In addition, existing research has often operated in numerous contextual areas, including industrial control systems, telecommunications, the energy and water sectors, and infrastructures for information sharing and situational awareness. Despite the large scope of existing research, the review reveals noteworthy research gaps and worthwhile topics to examine in further research. Comments: Permanently archived as a pre-print Subjects: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR); Computers and Society (cs.CY) Cite as: arXiv:2412.08084 [cs.CR]   (or arXiv:2412.08084v2 [cs.CR] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.08084 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Jukka Ruohonen [view email] [v1] Wed, 11 Dec 2024 04:04:47 UTC (57 KB) [v2] Mon, 22 Jun 2026 18:16:37 UTC (69 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: cs.CR < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2024-12 Change to browse by: cs cs.CY References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)