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Belief-Space Control for Personalized Cancer Treatment via Active Inference

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arXiv:2606.10376v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cancer treatment is at the core a sequential decision-making problem with partial observability, latent patient heterogeneity, and explicit constraints on the budget for medical measurements. Unlike standard Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches that control state trajectories, cancer treatments permanently modify patients' transition dynamics, changing how states evolve over time. We model cancer treatment as a belief-space planning problem using

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Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence [Submitted on 9 Jun 2026] Belief-Space Control for Personalized Cancer Treatment via Active Inference Deniz Sargun, H. Bugra Tulay, C. Emre Koksal Cancer treatment is at the core a sequential decision-making problem with partial observability, latent patient heterogeneity, and explicit constraints on the budget for medical measurements. Unlike standard Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches that control state trajectories, cancer treatments permanently modify patients' transition dynamics, changing how states evolve over time. We model cancer treatment as a belief-space planning problem using active inference, deriving an expected free-energy objective that unifies goal-directed control and information acquisition under measurement budgets without. We implement this framework using real clinical cancer data from the AACR Project GENIE Biopharma Collaborative dataset. Results on clinical data demonstrate a simultaneous patient categorization and high treatment efficacy, under real measurement and treatment constraints. Comments: 11 pages including appendix Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) Cite as: arXiv:2606.10376 [cs.AI] (or arXiv:2606.10376v1 [cs.AI] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.10376 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Deniz Sargun [view email] [v1] Tue, 9 Jun 2026 03:38:53 UTC (1,966 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: cs.AI < prev | next > new | recent | 2026-06 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)

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