The leading top silicon spin quantum computing companies in 2026 build their qubits from single electron spins. Each electron sits in a tiny quantum dot etched into silicon or germanium. These dots are made on the same 300mm CMOS production lines that turn out ordinary logic chips.
This shared manufacturing path gives silicon spin the deepest route to scale of any quantum architecture. The eight commercial vendors split into three design families. Five build gate-defined quantum dots on silicon-28 (Intel, Diraq, Quantum Motion, Equal1, Quobly). One uses atomic-precision donor qubits (Silicon Quantum Computing), one uses germanium quantum dots (Groove Quantum), and one uses silicon T-centre spin-photon qubits (Photonic Inc).
The pace of progress turned sharp in late 2025. In December 2025 SQC reached 99.99% two-qubit fidelity, which matched the trapped-ion industry record. Diraq separately showed working qubits at 1 Kelvin, which means silicon spin can scale without a full dilution refrigerator. These vendors are the youngest slice of the quantum-hardware industry, yet also the fastest growing. DARPA QBI Stage B picked four of the eight in November 2025, and total funding across the field crossed $900M entering 2026.
Why silicon spin is the late-arriving modality that may scale fastest
Silicon spin has the shortest commercial history of any major modality. The first commercial pure-plays date only to 2016 and 2017. Despite that late start, it has the steepest path to large-scale manufacturing.
Superconducting and trapped-ion still lead on raw qubit counts and gate-fidelity records. Silicon spin counters with three structural advantages that neither rival can match. First, it runs on 300mm CMOS foundry lines at GlobalFoundries, IMEC, Intel, and STMicroelectronics, which means it reuses existing chip factories instead of building bespoke ones. Second, its qubits are roughly 1,000 times smaller than the transmons used in superconducting machines, so far more fit on a single chip. Third, it has run at 1 Kelvin rather than the 15 millikelvin that superconducting platforms demand.
These advantages matter because they attack the cost and complexity of scaling, not just the physics. A warmer operating point cuts the refrigeration bill, smaller qubits raise the count per wafer, and a foundry path means volume production is a known process rather than a research project. Together they explain why a late-arriving modality is taken seriously as a long-run scaling winner.
Closing the fidelity gap
The work through 2025 and 2026 has had one clear goal. The vendors are closing the gate-fidelity gap to the trapped-ion benchmark while keeping the foundry scaling story intact. The published numbers tell the story. Silicon Quantum Computing reached 99.99% two-qubit fidelity in December 2025, which matched the IonQ record. Diraq hit 98.92% two-qubit fidelity at 1 Kelvin in 2025 using hot-qubit operation. Equal1 shipped its Bell-1 system at 99.4% single-qubit and 98.4% two-qubit fidelity on the GlobalFoundries 22FDX process, and Quantum Motion validated a 1,024-quantum-dot array in under five minutes ahead of its September 2025 NQCC delivery.
The programme funders have noticed this progress. DARPA selected Diraq, Quantum Motion, SQC, and Photonic Inc for Quantum Benchmarking Initiative Stage B in November 2025. That is four of the eleven vendors, the deepest representation of any single modality in the programme.
How silicon spin quantum computing works
A silicon-spin processor stores each qubit in the spin of a single electron. Spin has two states, up or down, and those two states are the 0 and 1 of the qubit. The electron is held in a quantum dot, which is a nanoscale trap built by patterning tiny electrostatic gates on the chip surface.
That chip surface is isotopically enriched silicon-28. Natural silicon contains a mix of isotopes, and some of them carry a nuclear spin that disturbs the qubit. Enriching the material to silicon-28 strips out those magnetic isotopes, which means the electron spin stays coherent far longer.
Two-qubit gates work by briefly lowering the barrier between two neighbouring dots so their electrons interact, an effect called exchange coupling. Readout is done by dispersive sensing, where a charge sensor or a single-electron transistor detects the spin state. The whole device sits on a chip about the size of a fingertip, far smaller than the centimetre-scale resonators that superconducting hardware needs.
Foundry-process maturity is the scaling primitive
The factor that decides scaling here is foundry-process maturity, which means how proven the chip-making line already is. Intel runs its Tunnel Falls chip on the same 300mm D1 line that makes its commercial 14-nanometre logic. Quobly builds on the STMicroelectronics 28nm FDSOI line, with isotopically enriched silicon-28 entering that production line in December 2025. Diraq has shown high-fidelity qubits on 300mm wafers at both GlobalFoundries and IMEC.
Control electronics are the second place where silicon spin pulls ahead of superconducting. The goal is to put the control circuits next to the qubits inside the cold chamber, which removes the bulky room-temperature wiring that limits superconducting systems. Equal1 runs Arm Cortex cores at 300 millikelvin on the qubit die itself, and Intel’s Horse Ridge II control chip operates at 4 Kelvin. Diraq’s 1 Kelvin operating point goes further still, because it lets the whole system use a single-stage cryostat instead of a full dilution refrigerator.
The top silicon spin quantum computing companies
Eight commercial vendors define the field in 2026, and each one represents a different country or design bet. Intel Quantum is the US semiconductor giant with the deepest fab-process capability in the modality. Two are Australian pure-plays, Diraq out of UNSW and SQC from CSIRO and UNSW under Michelle Simmons. Quantum Motion is the UK leader, spun out of Oxford and UCL, and Equal1 is the Irish specialist from UCD.
The rest round out the map. Quobly is the French CEA-Leti spinout, Photonic Inc is the Canadian T-centre pioneer under Stephanie Simmons, and Groove Quantum is the most recent QuTech spinout, running germanium quantum dots. The Entangled Future tracks the top silicon spin quantum computing companies alongside the broader quantum-hardware ecosystem, with quarterly status updates on QPU access and milestones.
Independent directories of the top silicon spin quantum computing companies list a similar shortlist of names. The profiles below cover the leading organisations in depth.
Intel Quantum
Silicon spin + cryo-CMOS · Santa Clara, US · Quantum programme founded 2015
Intel Quantum is the largest silicon-spin programme by R&D capital deployed, anchored by the 300mm Intel D1 fab in Hillsboro, Oregon and the 12-qubit Tunnel Falls test chip that began shipping to research collaborators in 2023. Tunnel Falls is built on Intel’s standard 300mm CMOS process with isotopically enriched silicon-28, the same fabrication line that runs the company’s commercial logic chips, and the Horse Ridge II cryogenic-CMOS control chip integrates qubit control electronics at 4 Kelvin to eliminate the room-temperature coaxial bundles that limit superconducting systems. The Intel quantum-software stack runs through the Quantum SDK and the Intel Quantum Simulator, and the platform shipped to Argonne National Laboratory in January 2026 alongside a Silicon Quantum Computing 12-qubit collaboration. Intel’s scaling thesis is the most credible in the modality: the company already manufactures billions of CMOS transistors per chip on the same process node, and silicon-spin qubits are roughly 1,000x smaller than transmons.
intel.com →
QZ coverage: Intel Quantum Chip: silicon spin qubits for scalability · Intel & Argonne scale silicon quantum computing · Classical programming with Intel Quantum SDK
Diraq
Silicon-CMOS spin qubits · Sydney, Australia · Founded 2022
Diraq is the Sydney-based UNSW spinout founded by Andrew Dzurak and Tuomo Tanttu in 2022, building silicon spin qubits on the standard CMOS process at GlobalFoundries and IMEC 300mm fabs. The 2025 hot-qubits breakthrough delivered 99.85% single-qubit fidelity and 98.92% two-qubit fidelity at 1 Kelvin operating temperature, roughly 10x higher than the 15-millikelvin requirement of superconducting platforms, the architectural feature that lets Diraq drop the dilution-refrigerator cost from the silicon-spin scaling story. Total funding exceeds $190M including an October 2024 $100M strategic round from the Australian Government, UNSW Sydney, and strategic partners, and Diraq advanced to DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Initiative Stage B in November 2025 alongside seven other silicon-spin and ion-trap vendors. Partnerships span GlobalFoundries (volume manufacturing), Riverlane (error-correction software), and Iceberg Quantum Research (QEC hardware-software co-development), with an October 2025 NVQLink NVIDIA collaboration that ran one million fault-tolerant operations in under a minute. In May 2026 Diraq received a $38M award under the US CHIPS Act from the Department of Commerce, and in February 2026 received $20M from Australia’s National Reconstruction Fund Corporation, bringing total confirmed funding to over $190M.
diraq.com →
QZ coverage: $38M CHIPS Act award to scale Diraq processors · Diraq scales qubits by increasing on-chip density · Diraq gains $20M for utility-scale quantum
Silicon Quantum Computing (SQC)
Phosphorus-in-silicon donor qubits · Sydney, Australia · Founded 2017
SQC is the Sydney-based CSIRO and UNSW Sydney co-founded spinout led by founder and CEO Michelle Simmons, building silicon spin qubits using the atomic-precision phosphorus-in-silicon donor-qubit approach pioneered at the Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology. The atomic-precision technique places individual phosphorus dopant atoms in a silicon lattice using STM tips before encapsulation, and in November 2025 SQC patterned 250,000 qubit registers in eight hours using industrial CMOS tooling. The two-qubit gate fidelity hit 99.99% in December 2025, matching the trapped-ion industry record set by IonQ, and the company unveiled a Quantum Twins Simulator demonstration with 15,000 qubit registers. Total funding exceeds $200M including a $220M strategic round in August 2023 and a $25M DARPA grant in April 2025, and SQC was selected for DARPA QBI Stage B in November 2025. The 2026 roadmap includes Microsoft Azure Quantum Watermelon processor deployments, a 12-qubit quantum-dot processor at Argonne National Laboratory with Intel, and a SkyWater Technology hybrid-computing partnership covering US CMOS manufacturing.
sqc.com.au →
QZ coverage: Telstra & SQC: system trained in days, rivals deep learning · SQC silicon processor: 99.99% fidelity · SkyWater & SQC advance hybrid quantum computing
Quantum Motion
Silicon CMOS quantum dots · London, UK · Founded 2017
Quantum Motion is the London-based UK silicon-spin specialist co-founded by Oxford’s Professor Simon Benjamin and UCL’s Professor John Morton in 2017, building silicon spin qubits in CMOS-compatible 300mm wafer processes with integrated cryogenic control electronics. The platform shipped the world’s fastest dispersive readout of a silicon spin qubit at roughly 8 microsecond state determination and demonstrated a 1,024 quantum-dot array validated in under five minutes alongside a 384-qubit silicon quantum-dot chip with integrated cryogenic CMOS control. The September 2025 NQCC delivery installed the first full-stack silicon-CMOS quantum computer in the UK at the National Quantum Computing Centre Harwell campus, and the company is targeting utility-scale silicon-spin by 2033. Total funding exceeds $200M after a $160M Series C in May 2026, adding to the January 2024 $50M Series A (Bosch Ventures, Porsche Ventures, Samsung Ventures) and the May 2021 $17M Seed round, and Quantum Motion advanced to DARPA QBI Stage B in November 2025 with a February 2026 European expansion to San Sebastian, Spain. Partnerships span Goldman Sachs on quantum finance and the QUICHE consortium with ORCA Computing and Riverlane.
quantummotion.tech →
QZ coverage: Quantum Motion closes $160M Series C · Silicon chips could drive second revolution · Silicon qubit readout speed boosted by Quantum Motion
Equal1
Silicon SiGe + on-chip Arm cores · Dublin, Ireland · Founded 2017
Equal1 is the Dublin-based Irish silicon-spin pure-play founded by Peter Debruin and Mike Gould out of University College Dublin in 2017, building Ireland’s first quantum computer with the Bell-1 system, a rack-mountable server-form-factor platform that integrates a 6-qubit SiGe spin-qubit array with on-chip Arm Cortex cores at 300 millikelvin. The Bell-1 hits 99.4% single-qubit fidelity and 98.4% two-qubit fidelity on the GlobalFoundries 22FDX process, and the 300mK operating temperature lets the system run in standard industrial cryostats rather than full dilution refrigerators. Total funding exceeds $90M including the January 2026 $60M Series B led by Ireland Strategic Investment Fund and the March 2023 $20M Series A from Atlantic Bridge, plus a EUR 13.7M DTIF grant for the QUBIC project. Partnerships span NVIDIA (CUDA-Q integration since 2024), Q-CTRL (Boulder Opal Scale Up automated calibration, 2026), and launched the RacQ rack-mountable quantum computer server system in May 2026, TNO (scalable quantum-computing research collaboration), and the European Space Agency Phi-Lab Italy QC4EO programme for earth-observation quantum-computing applications.
equal1.com →
QZ coverage: Equal1 RacQ: standard power, 1,600W · Equal1 silicon processors power Kvantify simulations · Equal1 Bell-1: quantum system for the HPC era
Quobly
28nm FDSOI silicon spin · Grenoble, France · Founded November 2022
Quobly is the Grenoble-based French silicon-spin pure-play co-founded by Maud Vinet (CEO) and Tristan Meunier in November 2022 as a CEA-Leti and CNRS spinout, building silicon spin qubits on 28-nanometre FDSOI silicon at STMicroelectronics 300mm production fabs. The company is targeting 100 physical qubits on a commercial chip on the same fabrication line that produces STMicroelectronics consumer logic, the architectural primitive that gives Quobly a unique silicon-spin manufacturing scale path inside Europe. The December 2025 milestone introduced isotopically enriched silicon-28 to the STMicroelectronics 300mm production line, and the partnership stack includes a $200M agreement with SEALSQ for post-quantum cryptography integration (November 2025), Entropica Labs on quantum error correction, TNO on industrialisation, Imec on the SPINS EU pilot line, and QPerfect on the QLEO GPU-accelerated emulator. Total funding exceeds EUR 160M after a EUR 115M Series A in June 2026, the largest European quantum hardware funding round to date, plus earlier EUR 160M from Bpifrance and EIC Fund, and Quobly opened a Singapore subsidiary in October 2025.
quobly.io →
QZ coverage: €115M Series A backs Quobly scale-up · Quobly Toolbox: quantum phase estimation with tensor networks · Quobly advances fault-tolerant quantum computing
Photonic Inc
Silicon T-centre spin-photon qubits · Vancouver, Canada · Founded 2016
Photonic Inc is the Vancouver and Toronto Canadian silicon-T-centre pure-play, founded by Stephanie Simmons in 2016 with Don Mattrick stepping in as CEO in March 2026 and Alex van Someren as Executive Chair in February 2026. The company builds distributed quantum computers based on silicon T-centre spin-photon qubits, an architectural primitive that uses telecom-wavelength photon emission to entangle silicon-defect spin qubits over commercial optical fibre, the only platform in the silicon-spin modality with a native networking and distributed-computing path. Photonic demonstrated quantum teleportation over 30km commercial fibre with TELUS in 2024, achieved a $2B post-money valuation in May 2026, and the near-term roadmap targets four logical qubits with utility-scale by 2033. Total funding totals CA$375M including the January 2026 CA$180M Series B led by Planet First Partners, RBC, and TELUS, the March 2023 CA$100M Series A (Microsoft Climate Innovation Fund, BDC Capital, Inovia Capital), a CA$23M Canadian Quantum Champions Program award in 2025, and a GBP 25M UK R&D facility commitment. Photonic advanced to DARPA QBI Stage B in November 2025.
photonic.com →
QZ coverage: Photonic valued at $2B, closes CA$275M round · Photonic Inc. joins DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Program · Photonic Inc. wins iF Design Award for quantum computer
Groove Quantum
Germanium quantum dots · Delft, Netherlands · Founded 2024
Groove Quantum is the Delft-based Dutch QuTech spinout founded in 2024, building spin qubits in germanium quantum dots on CMOS-compatible semiconductor processes, the most recent silicon-spin entrant and the only commercial-stage vendor working in germanium rather than silicon. The platform reached 18 operational qubits in May 2026, and the company secured a EUR 16M funding round the same month from a syndicate that includes Lakestar, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Quantum Coast Capital, Type One Ventures, Trumpf Venture, GIC, Hercules Capital, and Inven Capital. The germanium-quantum-dot architecture brings stronger spin-orbit coupling than silicon and faster gate operations, with the trade-off that the manufacturing process is less mature than the standard 28Si CMOS path used by Intel, Diraq, Quobly, and Quantum Motion. Groove is the canonical European silicon-spin variant inside the QuTech consortium ecosystem that also produced QuantWare on the superconducting side.
groovequantum.com →
QZ coverage: Groove Quantum raises €16M, 18 operational qubits · Groove Quantum secures €16M seed for germanium qubits
Emerging silicon-spin platforms
Arque Systems
Silicon spin CMOS · Munich, Germany · Founded 2020
Arque Systems builds CMOS-compatible silicon spin qubits using an electron-shuttling architecture designed to operate at temperatures above 1 Kelvin, reducing the refrigeration burden that constrains competing platforms. In September 2025 the company deployed a 5-qubit silicon spin processor at Forschungszentrum Jülich integrated with the NVIDIA DGX Quantum hybrid stack, making it one of the first European silicon-spin systems deployed inside a national supercomputing facility. Arque joined the EU SPINS pilot line in April 2026, a €50M consortium that gives the company access to IMEC and Infineon 300mm CMOS fabrication infrastructure alongside research partners RWTH Aachen, TU Delft, and Forschungszentrum Jülich.
arque.systems →
QZ coverage: Jülich spin-off ARQUE Systems licenses quantum chip
Hitachi
Silicon spin R&D · Tokyo, Japan · Moonshot Programme since 2020
Hitachi’s silicon quantum computing programme runs under Japan’s Moonshot Research and Development Program Goal 6, developing electron spin qubits in silicon quantum dot arrays fabricated on natural silicon substrates at the company’s Central Research Laboratory in Tokyo. The group published 99.1% single-qubit gate fidelity on natural silicon in October 2025, and in June 2024 demonstrated a concatenated continuous-driving technique that extended qubit coherence lifetimes approximately 100-fold over standard control methods. Hitachi is co-developing a silicon quantum computer prototype with RIKEN and imec targeting delivery by fiscal year 2027, backed by 15 patent families in the silicon spin qubit space.
hitachi.com/rd →
QZ coverage: Hitachi: the quantum computing efforts of the Japanese giant · Fujitsu, Hitachi, NEC launch quantum computing firm
The cryo-CMOS supply chain
SemiQon
Helsinki, Finland • Founded 2023 • ~€25.5M raised
Founded in 2023 as a spinout from VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, SemiQon builds silicon-spin qubit processors designed for millikelvin cryogenic operation using standard CMOS tooling. Their cryo-CMOS transistor architecture, unveiled in November 2024, consumes 100 times less power than room-temperature CMOS and generates 1,000 times less heat inside the cryostat, directly addressing the heat-load bottleneck that limits how many qubits a dilution refrigerator can host. The architecture uses quantum dot arrays patterned on silicon wafers, with the control layer integrated at the same cryogenic temperature as the qubits rather than relying on room-temperature electronics connected by cable bundles.
In October 2025 SemiQon completed their first production run and began shipping the SemiQIT 4-qubit silicon quantum dot processor to research partners across Europe. That same month they won the EARTO Innovation Award for deep-tech impact. A €15M equity round from the European Innovation Council in 2025, on top of their €8M seed in 2024, reflects the EU’s strategic interest in developing a domestic silicon-spin fabrication chain independent of US and Australian supply lines. SemiQon sits at the intersection of qubit hardware and cryo-electronics manufacturing, occupying a supply-chain role that could prove as valuable as the qubit count itself as the modality scales.
semiqon.com →
QZ coverage: SemiQon explores space applications for cryo-CMOS tech · SemiQon: scalable quantum computing with CMOS circuits · SemiQon: first cryogenic CMOS for quantum computing
What the lineup reveals
The first thing to notice is geography. Silicon spin is more globally spread than any other modality, and no single country dominates it. The eleven vendors sit across the US, Australia, the UK, Ireland, France, Canada, the Netherlands, and Finland.
That spread matters for funding and policy, because several governments each have a national stake in the technology. The DARPA QBI Stage B selection in November 2025 narrowed the list, picking four of the eleven vendors. It is the closest thing the modality has to an industry shortlist.
The foundry-scale story
The second point is that manufacturing matters more here than today’s qubit counts. Those counts are still small. Tunnel Falls runs 12 qubits, Bell-1 runs 6, and the SQC processor runs 10, which trails superconducting by roughly ten times.
The scaling proofs tell a different story. Quantum Motion validated a 1,024-quantum-dot array in under five minutes, SQC patterned 250,000 qubit registers in eight hours, and isotopically enriched silicon-28 entered STMicroelectronics 300mm production. These are the building blocks that point toward a million-qubit silicon-spin chip made on foundry tooling that already exists.
Architectural variance is the highest of any modality
The third point is that the design diversity is wider than it looks from outside. Gate-defined quantum dots on silicon-28 dominate the lineup, used by Intel, Diraq, Quantum Motion, Equal1, and Quobly. SQC runs a different physics path entirely, placing donor atoms with atomic-precision STM tools. Groove uses germanium dots for stronger spin-orbit coupling, and Photonic Inc uses silicon T-centre spin-photon qubits for a networking path no other vendor has.
That range is unusual for a single modality. Photonic vendors mostly differ on photon-encoding schemes, and trapped-ion vendors mostly differ on laser versus microwave control. Silicon spin instead spreads its bets across several distinct architectures at once, which gives the field multiple independent shots on goal.
Donor atoms, quantum dots, and T-centres: the architectural fork
The central choice in silicon-spin computing is which kind of spin to use as the qubit. Gate-defined quantum dots are the industry consensus, and they sit behind Intel, Diraq, Quantum Motion, Equal1, and Quobly. The qubit is the spin of a single electron, held in an electrostatic well shaped by patterned gates on the chip.
This is the same basic step used to build transistors in ordinary logic chips, which is why the approach inherits a mature factory process. Two-qubit gates work through exchange coupling, where the barrier between two neighbouring dots is briefly lowered so their electrons interact. Because these dots are made with standard CMOS lithography, they have the deepest foundry maturity of any silicon-spin variant.
Donor atoms and T-centres: the unconventional routes
Donor-atom qubits take a different route, and this is the SQC architecture first developed at Michelle Simmons’ CQC2T. The method places individual phosphorus atoms into silicon with atomic-scale precision using an STM tip, then buries them inside a silicon crystal. The qubit is the spin of that buried donor atom, either its nuclear or electron spin.
This approach gives up easy CMOS-foundry compatibility in exchange for something valuable, which is the deeper coherence of a single atom inside an isotopically pure lattice. For a long time the worry was throughput, because placing atoms one at a time sounds slow. The November 2025 SQC result of 250,000 registers patterned in eight hours shows that throughput is starting to converge with the quantum-dot variant.
T-centres are the third route, and they are the basis of the Photonic Inc architecture. A T-centre is a defect complex bound inside silicon that emits a telecom-wavelength photon when its spin state is excited. Those photons travel well through ordinary optical fibre, which is the wavelength the telecom industry already uses.
That photon emission is what gives Photonic Inc a networking path no other silicon-spin vendor has. The qubits can be entangled across fibre links directly through their own physics, rather than through a separate networking layer bolted on afterwards. Because of this, Photonic Inc is the only one of the top silicon spin quantum computing companies with a distributed-computing roadmap built into the qubit itself.
CMOS-foundry scaling: the structural advantage
The single most important feature of silicon spin is where it is built. The modality runs on the same 300mm CMOS lines that already produce billions of logic transistors per chip. That reuse of existing factories is the structural advantage everything else rests on.
The foundry map
The vendor map makes this concrete. Intel’s D1 fab in Hillsboro, Oregon makes Tunnel Falls on standard 14nm-class tooling. STMicroelectronics runs Quobly’s 28nm FDSOI silicon-spin process next to its commercial mixed-signal output. GlobalFoundries 22FDX hosts Equal1 Bell-1 on the same line that turns out commercial RF and IoT silicon, and IMEC runs Diraq on its multi-customer 300mm pilot line.
This advantage grows when you compare the alternatives. Superconducting needs every qubit chip designed, fabricated, and tested in specialist clean rooms. Photonic needs custom silicon-nitride or silicon-on-insulator foundry runs, and neutral-atom and trapped-ion both need bespoke ultra-high-vacuum chambers and laser stacks. Silicon spin instead sits on the standard CMOS infrastructure that already makes the world’s logic chips in volume.
There is a catch, and it explains the modality’s late arrival. The same foundry path that should let silicon spin scale fastest is also why it reached the capability benchmarks last. Tuning a full production process to make good qubits took longer than building bespoke quantum hardware by hand. The upfront cost was higher, which means the long-run payoff is only now starting to show.
When silicon spin matters for your industry
Government, defence, and sovereign HPC
The DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Initiative selected four silicon-spin vendors for Stage B in November 2025: Diraq, Quantum Motion, SQC, and Photonic. That is the deepest single-modality representation in the programme. The reason is sovereign manufacturing, which means the ability to build the hardware inside your own borders. Silicon spin runs on the same CMOS lines that make commercial logic, so it is the only architecture with a believable path to volume production inside the US, UK, EU, Australia, and Canada.
Real deployments already anchor each region. The September 2025 Quantum Motion delivery at NQCC Harwell is the first full-stack silicon-spin quantum computer in the UK. The Argonne and Intel SQC collaboration in January 2026 anchors the US national-laboratory deployment, and the Quobly partnership with STMicroelectronics on 300mm wafers is the EU pillar.
Cryptography and post-quantum migration
Cryptography is where the compactness of silicon spin pays off most directly. Because the qubits are tiny and built on a standard foundry path, the modality is a strong candidate to host post-quantum cryptography hardware. That is one of the nearest-term commercial uses of quantum-capable silicon.
The deals already point this way. Quobly’s $200M agreement with SEALSQ in November 2025 anchors the post-quantum integration story. The shared fab tooling means a single 300mm wafer can carry both classical cryptographic acceleration logic and the silicon-spin qubits that will one day attack RSA-style algorithms, which puts both halves of the security problem on the same chip.
Pharmaceutical, materials, and chemistry research
Chemistry workloads are still ahead of the current hardware, and the qubit counts show why. Tunnel Falls runs 12 qubits, SQC processors run 10 to 12, and Equal1 Bell-1 runs 6. Those numbers sit below the variational-chemistry threshold that superconducting and trapped-ion have already crossed.
The foundry path is what closes the gap. Silicon spin should reach Quobly’s 100-qubit target and the 1,024-quantum-dot scale that Quantum Motion has demonstrated within two to three years. The Goldman Sachs partnership with Quantum Motion on quantum finance, plus the SQC Quantum Twins Simulator running 15,000 qubit registers, position the modality for first-generation enterprise chemistry and finance work through 2027 and 2028.
Read next Top superconducting companies Top trapped ion companies Top neutral atom companies Top photonic companies Top quantum hardware companies Top quantum software companies Quantum logical qubit leaderboard
Frequently asked questions
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Technology deep-dive
What is isotopically enriched silicon-28 and why does it matter?
What is cryo-CMOS and why does it matter for scaling silicon-spin quantum computers?
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What is the DARPA Quantum Benchmarking Initiative Stage B and which silicon-spin companies were selected?
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Dr. Donovan
Dr. Donovan is a futurist and technology writer covering the quantum revolution. Where classical computers manipulate bits that are either on or off, quantum machines exploit superposition and entanglement to process information in ways that classical physics cannot. Dr. Donovan tracks the full quantum landscape: fault-tolerant computing, photonic and superconducting architectures, post-quantum cryptography, and the geopolitical race between nations and corporations to achieve quantum advantage. The decisions being made now, in research labs and government offices around the world, will determine who controls the most powerful computers ever built.
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