Optimal Transport-based Permutation-Invariant Bayesian Optimization of Offshore Wind Farm Layouts

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence [Submitted on 27 Mar 2026] Optimal Transport-based Permutation-Invariant Bayesian Optimization of Offshore Wind Farm Layouts Antonio Candelieri, Laurens Bliek Bayesian Optimization (BO) is widely and successfully adopted for solving optimization problems having an expensive-to-evaluate, black-box, and non-convex objective function. However, the vanilla BO algorithm is not able to exploit possible symmetries characterizing the target problem. An intuitive case is given by optimal location problems, whose decision variables refer to a finite set of points within a continuous space, with the order of points not affecting the value of the objective function. We refer to this setting as optimization over layouts to distinguish from optimization over point-clouds where, instead, the order of points counts. As an instance of optimization over layouts we consider a real-life industrial-relevant application, that is the optimization of the layout of an offshore wind farm: given identical wind turbines, switching any pair of them has not any effect on the annual energy production. Based on Optimal Transport theory, we propose a Permutation-Invariant BO approach, namely PIBO, proved to provide better wind farm layouts when compared to the vanilla BO approach while cutting computation time roughly in half. Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) Cite as: arXiv:2606.00009 [cs.AI]   (or arXiv:2606.00009v1 [cs.AI] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.00009 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Laurens Bliek [view email] [v1] Fri, 27 Mar 2026 15:31:29 UTC (315 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: cs.AI < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-06 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)