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Electrometry of extremely-low frequencies from kHz to sub-Hz with a Rydberg-atom sensor

arXiv Quantum Archived Mar 17, 2026 ✓ Full text saved

arXiv:2603.13827v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rydberg-atom electric field sensing has shown great potential from near-DC to THz with state-of-the-art measurement metrics realized in sensitivity, phase extraction, multi-band receptivity, etc. While Rydberg-atom sensors have shown exceptional performance in the GHz regime, low-frequency operation has remained challenging because of electric-field-screening in conventional vapor cells, which suppresses externally applied fields. We overcome this

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Quantum Physics [Submitted on 14 Mar 2026] Electrometry of extremely-low frequencies from kHz to sub-Hz with a Rydberg-atom sensor Aveek Chandra, Narongrit Paensin, Rainer Dumke Rydberg-atom electric field sensing has shown great potential from near-DC to THz with state-of-the-art measurement metrics realized in sensitivity, phase extraction, multi-band receptivity, etc. While Rydberg-atom sensors have shown exceptional performance in the GHz regime, low-frequency operation has remained challenging because of electric-field-screening in conventional vapor cells, which suppresses externally applied fields. We overcome this limitation by combining auxiliary modulation and lock-in detection with a paraffin-coated vapor cell, and demonstrate an electrode-free, wideband method for sensing frequencies, ranging from 0.5 Hz to 10 kHz. Our work extends Rydberg-atom sensor range to VLF, ULF, SLF, ELF and sub-ELF frequency bands. In our method, high state-of-the-art sensitivities have been achieved - 819 \muV/cm/\sqrt{\text{Hz}} for 1 Hz, 33 \muV/cm/\sqrt{\text{Hz}} for 10 Hz, 10 \muV/cm/\sqrt{\text{Hz}} for 100 Hz and 2 \muV/cm/\sqrt{\text{Hz}} for 1 kHz. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Applied Physics (physics.app-ph); Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2603.13827 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2603.13827v1 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.13827 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Aveek Chandra [view email] [v1] Sat, 14 Mar 2026 08:20:35 UTC (3,037 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: quant-ph < prev | next > new | recent | 2026-03 Change to browse by: physics physics.app-ph physics.atom-ph References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)

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