Market-Analysis-Driven Methodology for Assessing Charging Station Cybersecurity

Computer Science > Cryptography and Security [Submitted on 21 May 2026] Market-Analysis-Driven Methodology for Assessing Charging Station Cybersecurity Jakob Löw, Lukas Eder, Alexander Müller, Hans-Joachim Hof Modern charging communication standards for electric vehicles include optional security controls such as TLS-based authentication and encryption. However, with tens of thousands of fast charging points deployed in any given country, individually testing each one for security control support is infeasible. This paper proposes a scalable, extrapolation-based methodology for assessing charging station cybersecurity at a national level. A market analysis identifies operator-manufacturer pairs, enabling the targeted selection of charging stations for field testing, whose results can then be extrapolated to all stations sharing the same combination. We demonstrate this methodology for Germany, covering over 40000 CCS charging points as of December 2025. With a manageable number of field tests, our extrapolated data examines 51.9\% of german CCS charging stations. It shows that only 27.4\% of charging stations in our scope provide TLS-protected communication, despite widespread theoretical support. Subjects: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) Cite as: arXiv:2605.22151 [cs.CR]   (or arXiv:2605.22151v1 [cs.CR] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.22151 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Jakob Löw [view email] [v1] Thu, 21 May 2026 08:22:20 UTC (629 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: cs.CR < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-05 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)