uGen: An Agentic Framework for Generating Microarchitectural Attack PoCs

Computer Science > Cryptography and Security [Submitted on 15 May 2026] uGen: An Agentic Framework for Generating Microarchitectural Attack PoCs Debopriya Roy Dipta, Thore Tiemann, Eduard Marin, Thomas Eisenbarth, Berk Gulmezoglu Microarchitectural attacks continue to evolve, uncovering new exploitation vectors in modern processors. From a defensive perspective, assessing a system's susceptibility to such attacks remains challenging. Developing functional attack implementations is labor-intensive, requires deep microarchitectural expertise, and is highly sensitive to execution environments. Consequently, existing attacks often lack portability, limiting systematic and scalable vulnerability assessment. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) suggest a potential avenue for lowering these barriers. However, it remains unclear whether LLMs can reliably generate functionally correct microarchitectural attack code suitable for rigorous vulnerability testing. In this work, we present uGen, the first LLM-driven framework for automated microarchitectural attack code generation. A key challenge we address is identifying attack-specific knowledge gaps in LLMs. Through a systematic study of state-of-the-art models (GPT, Claude, and Qwen3), we find that LLMs frequently misgenerate or misplace critical attack primitives. Guided by this analysis, uGen employs a retrieval-augmented, multi-agent design that injects missing domain knowledge to synthesize functionally correct microarchitectural attack PoCs tailored to defender requirements. We evaluate uGen on cache-based and speculative-execution attacks across diverse set of microarchitectures, vulnerable functions, and LLM platforms. In the deployment stage, uGen achieves up to 100% success rate for Spectre-v1 (Claude Sonnet-4) and 80% for Prime+Probe (Qwen3-Coder). Finally, we demonstrate that uGen can generate a successful PoC code with a cost of $1.25 in under four minutes. Subjects: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) Cite as: arXiv:2605.15503 [cs.CR]   (or arXiv:2605.15503v1 [cs.CR] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.15503 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Debopriya Roy Dipta [view email] [v1] Fri, 15 May 2026 00:50:49 UTC (966 KB) Access Paper: view license Current browse context: cs.CR < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-05 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)