V.O.I.C.E (Voice, Ownership, Identity, Control, Expression): Risk Taxonomy of Synthetic Voice Generation From Empirical Data

Computer Science > Cryptography and Security [Submitted on 25 Apr 2026] V.O.I.C.E (Voice, Ownership, Identity, Control, Expression): Risk Taxonomy of Synthetic Voice Generation From Empirical Data Tanusree Sharma, Anish Krishnagiri, Lili Dudas, Ahmed Adnan, Visar Berisha As generative voice models are rapidly advancing in both capabilities and public utilization, the unconsented collection, reuse, and synthesis of voice data are introducing new classes of privacy, security and governance risk that are poorly captured by existing, largely uniform threat models. To fill the gap, we present V.O.I.C.E, a taxonomy of voice generation risk grounded in a multi-source threat modeling effort with 569 incidents from major AI incident database, FTC and Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3); 1067 direct incident reports from U.S. based participants across diverse groups (including voice actors, internet personalities, political personnel, and general public); and 2,221 Reddit discussions. Grounded in real-world data, our taxonomy explicitly models how risk emerges, interact with contextual factors such as degree of exposure, social visibility, and the availability of legal protections for various affected groups. Subjects: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computers and Society (cs.CY); Emerging Technologies (cs.ET); Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC) Cite as: arXiv:2604.24794 [cs.CR]   (or arXiv:2604.24794v1 [cs.CR] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.24794 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Tanusree Sharma [view email] [v1] Sat, 25 Apr 2026 23:17:26 UTC (136 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: cs.CR < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs cs.AI cs.CY cs.ET cs.HC References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)