PASS: A Provenanced Access Subaccount System for Blockchain Wallets

Computer Science > Cryptography and Security [Submitted on 24 Apr 2026] PASS: A Provenanced Access Subaccount System for Blockchain Wallets Jay Yu, Shunfan Zhou, Hang Yin, Brian Seong Blockchain wallets conventionally follow an ownership model where possession of a private key grants unilateral control. However, this assumption is brittle for emerging settings such as AI agent wallets, organizational custody, and enterprise payroll, where multiple actors must coordinate without exposing secrets or leaking internal activity. We present PASS, a Provenanced Access Subaccount System that replaces role-based or identity-based control with provenance-based control: assets can only be used by subaccounts that can trace custody back to a valid deposit. A simple Inbox-Outbox mechanism ensures all external actions have verifiable lineage, while internal transfers remain private and indistinguishable from ordinary EOAs. We formalize PASS in Lean 4 and prove core invariants, including privacy of internal transfers, asset accessibility, and provenance integrity. We implement a prototype with enclave backends on AWS Nitro Enclaves and dstack Intel TDX, integrate with WalletConnect, and benchmark throughput across wallet operations. These results show that provenance-based wallets are both implementable and efficient. PASS bridges today's gap between strict self-custody and flexible shared access, advancing the design space for practical, privacy-preserving custody. Subjects: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) Cite as: arXiv:2604.22602 [cs.CR]   (or arXiv:2604.22602v1 [cs.CR] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.22602 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Jay Yu [view email] [v1] Fri, 24 Apr 2026 14:28:21 UTC (440 KB) Access Paper: view license Current browse context: cs.CR < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)