DeepER-Med: Advancing Deep Evidence-Based Research in Medicine Through Agentic AI

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence [Submitted on 16 Apr 2026] DeepER-Med: Advancing Deep Evidence-Based Research in Medicine Through Agentic AI Zhizheng Wang, Chih-Hsuan Wei, Joey Chan, Robert Leaman, Chi-Ping Day, Chuan Wu, Mark A Knepper, Antolin Serrano Farias, Jordina Rincon-Torroella, Hasan Slika, Betty Tyler, Ryan Huu-Tuan Nguyen, Asmita Indurkar, Mélanie Hébert, Shubo Tian, Lauren He, Noor Naffakh, Aseem Aseem, Nicholas Wan, Emily Y Chew, Tiarnan D L Keenan, Zhiyong Lu Trustworthiness and transparency are essential for the clinical adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare and biomedical research. Recent deep research systems aim to accelerate evidence-grounded scientific discovery by integrating AI agents with multi-hop information retrieval, reasoning, and synthesis. However, most existing systems lack explicit and inspectable criteria for evidence appraisal, creating a risk of compounding errors and making it difficult for researchers and clinicians to assess the reliability of their outputs. In parallel, current benchmarking approaches rarely evaluate performance on complex, real-world medical questions. Here, we introduce DeepER-Med, a Deep Evidence-based Research framework for Medicine with an agentic AI system. DeepER-Med frames deep medical research as an explicit and inspectable workflow of evidence-based generation, consisting of three modules: research planning, agentic collaboration, and evidence synthesis. To support realistic evaluation, we also present DeepER-MedQA, an evidence-grounded dataset comprising 100 expert-level research questions derived from authentic medical research scenarios and curated by a multidisciplinary panel of 11 biomedical experts. Expert manual evaluation demonstrates that DeepER-Med consistently outperforms widely used production-grade platforms across multiple criteria, including the generation of novel scientific insights. We further demonstrate the practical utility of DeepER-Med through eight real-world clinical cases. Human clinician assessment indicates that DeepER-Med's conclusions align with clinical recommendations in seven cases, highlighting its potential for medical research and decision support. Comments: 37 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) Cite as: arXiv:2604.15456 [cs.AI]   (or arXiv:2604.15456v1 [cs.AI] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.15456 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Zhizheng Wang [view email] [v1] Thu, 16 Apr 2026 18:17:24 UTC (4,720 KB) Access Paper: view license Current browse context: cs.AI < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)