Every Little Thing Heat Does Is Magic

Quantum Physics [Submitted on 9 Apr 2026] Every Little Thing Heat Does Is Magic Rafael A. Macêdo, A. de Oliveira Junior, Naim E. Comar, Luna Lima Keller, Jonatan Bohr Brask, Lucas C. Céleri, Rafael Chaves How can one certify that an unknown quantum state possesses magic without resorting to full state tomography? We address this question by introducing two thermodynamic witnesses that rely solely on energy and heat measurements. First, we define the stabilizer ground-state energy as the lowest energy achievable by any stabilizer state, and the stabilizer gap as the separation between this value and the true ground-state energy. Any state whose energy lies below the stabilizer ground-state energy is therefore necessarily nonstabilizer. This leads to a direct witness of magic using only average-energy measurements. To overcome the limitations when direct energy measurements are inconclusive, we further develop a nonlinear witness based on heat exchange with a thermal ancilla. Specifically, we derive fundamental bounds on heat that are satisfied by all stabilizer states; therefore, their violation certifies the presence of magic. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through several examples, ranging from few-body systems where heat exchange reveals nonstabilizerness even when energy measurements alone fail, to the transverse-field Ising chain, where the stabilizer gap becomes maximal at the quantum critical point. Comments: 22 pages, 8 figures. Comments welcome Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Cite as: arXiv:2604.08663 [quant-ph]   (or arXiv:2604.08663v1 [quant-ph] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.08663 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Alexssandre De Oliveira Junior [view email] [v1] Thu, 9 Apr 2026 18:00:04 UTC (1,499 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: quant-ph < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-04 References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)