Beyond Predefined Schemas: TRACE-KG for Context-Enriched Knowledge Graphs from Complex Documents

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence [Submitted on 3 Apr 2026] Beyond Predefined Schemas: TRACE-KG for Context-Enriched Knowledge Graphs from Complex Documents Mohammad Sadeq Abolhasani, Yang Ba, Yixuan He, Rong Pan Knowledge graph construction typically relies either on predefined ontologies or on schema-free extraction. Ontology-driven pipelines enforce consistent typing but require costly schema design and maintenance, whereas schema-free methods often produce fragmented graphs with weak global organization, especially in long technical documents with dense, context-dependent information. We propose TRACE-KG (Text-dRiven schemA for Context-Enriched Knowledge Graphs), a multimodal framework that jointly constructs a context-enriched knowledge graph and an induced schema without assuming a predefined ontology. TRACE-KG captures conditional relations through structured qualifiers and organizes entities and relations using a data-driven schema that serves as a reusable semantic scaffold while preserving full traceability to the source evidence. Experiments show that TRACE-KG produces structurally coherent, traceable knowledge graphs and offers a practical alternative to both ontology-driven and schema-free construction pipelines. Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Information Retrieval (cs.IR); Machine Learning (cs.LG) Cite as: arXiv:2604.03496 [cs.AI]   (or arXiv:2604.03496v1 [cs.AI] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.03496 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Mohammad Sadeq Abolhasani [view email] [v1] Fri, 3 Apr 2026 22:41:35 UTC (15,415 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: cs.AI < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs cs.IR cs.LG References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)