EMS: Multi-Agent Voting via Efficient Majority-then-Stopping

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence [Submitted on 3 Apr 2026] EMS: Multi-Agent Voting via Efficient Majority-then-Stopping Yiqing Liu, Hantao Yao, Wu Liu, Yongdong Zhang Majority voting is the standard for aggregating multi-agent responses into a final decision. However, traditional methods typically require all agents to complete their reasoning before aggregation begins, leading to significant computational overhead, as many responses become redundant once a majority consensus is achieved. In this work, we formulate the multi-agent voting as a reliability-aware agent scheduling problem, and propose an Efficient Majority-then-Stopping (EMS) to improve reasoning efficiency. EMS prioritizes agents based on task-aware reliability and terminates the reasoning pipeline the moment a majority is achieved from the following three critical components. Specifically, we introduce Agent Confidence Modeling (ACM) to estimate agent reliability using historical performance and semantic similarity, Adaptive Incremental Voting (AIV) to sequentially select agents with early stopping, and Individual Confidence Updating (ICU) to dynamically update the reliability of each contributing agent. Extensive evaluations across six benchmarks demonstrate that EMS consistently reduces the average number of invoked agents by 32%. Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) Cite as: arXiv:2604.02863 [cs.AI]   (or arXiv:2604.02863v1 [cs.AI] for this version)   https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.02863 Focus to learn more Submission history From: Yiqing Liu [view email] [v1] Fri, 3 Apr 2026 08:29:50 UTC (378 KB) Access Paper: HTML (experimental) view license Current browse context: cs.AI < prev   |   next > new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar Export BibTeX Citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Demos Related Papers About arXivLabs Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)